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958 Publications visible to you, out of a total of 958
Germline mutations in breast and ovarian cancer pedigrees establish RAD51C as a human cancer susceptibility gene
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Abstract (Expand)

Germline mutations in a number of genes involved in the recombinational repair of DNA double-strand breaks are associated with predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer. RAD51C is essential for … homologous recombination repair, and a biallelic missense mutation can cause a Fanconi anemia-like phenotype. In index cases from 1,100 German families with gynecological malignancies, we identified six monoallelic pathogenic mutations in RAD51C that confer an increased risk for breast and ovarian cancer. These include two frameshift-causing insertions, two splice-site mutations and two nonfunctional missense mutations. The mutations were found exclusively within 480 pedigrees with the occurrence of both breast and ovarian tumors (BC/OC; 1.3%) and not in 620 pedigrees with breast cancer only or in 2,912 healthy German controls. These results provide the first unambiguous evidence of highly penetrant mutations associated with human cancer in a RAD51 paralog and support the ’common disease, rare allele’ hypothesis.

Authors: Alfons Meindl, Heide Hellebrand, Constanze Wiek, Verena Erven, Barbara Wappenschmidt, Dieter Niederacher, Marcel Freund, Peter Lichtner, Linda Hartmann, Heiner Schaal, Juliane Ramser, Ellen Honisch, Christian Kubisch, Hans E. Wichmann, Karin Kast, Helmut Deissler, Christoph Engel, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Kornelia Neveling, Marion Kiechle, Christopher G. Mathew, Detlev Schindler, Rita K. Schmutzler, Helmut Hanenberg

Date Published: 1st May 2010

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome

A BRCA1 promoter variant (rs11655505) and breast cancer risk
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Abstract (Expand)

BACKGROUND A study of Chinese women recently suggested that the minor allele of rs11655505 in the BRCA1 promoter (c.-2265C–\textgreaterT) increases promoter activity and has a protective effect on …n breast cancer risk. METHODS We genotyped rs11655505 in 2912 female breast cancer cases and 2783 unaffected female controls from four Caucasian breast cancer studies. RESULTS No evidence for an association between rs11655505 and breast cancer risk was found. CONCLUSIONS Our study failed to confirm a role of rs11655505 in breast cancer risk. Larger studies are necessary to determine if there is a weak association between this SNP and breast cancer risk.

Authors: Paolo Verderio, Sara Pizzamiglio, Melissa C. Southey, Amanda B. Spurdle, John L. Hopper, Xiaoqing Chen, Jonathan Beesley, Rita K. Schmutzler, Christoph Engel, Barbara Burwinkel, Peter Bugert, Filomena Ficarazzi, Siranoush Manoukian, Monica Barile, Barbara Wappenschmidt, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Paolo Radice, Paolo Peterlongo

Date Published: 22nd Apr 2010

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome

Bortezomib sensitizes primary human esthesioneuroblastoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis
Genetical Statistics and Systems Biology

Abstract (Expand)

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a promising novel anti-cancer cytokine of the TNF superfamily, and Bortezomib, the first-in-class clinically used proteasome inhibitor, alone or in … combination have been shown to efficiently kill numerous tumor cell lines. However, data concerning primary human tumor cells are very rare. Using primary esthesioneuroblastoma cells we analyzed the anti-tumor potential and the mechanism employed by Bortezomib in combination with TRAIL for the treatment of this rare but aggressive tumor. Expression of components of the TRAIL pathway was analyzed in tumor specimens and isolated primary tumor cells at the protein level. Cells were treated with TRAIL, Bortezomib, and a combination thereof, and apoptosis induction was quantified. Clonogenicity assays were performed to elucidate the long-term effect of this treatment. Despite expressing all components of the TRAIL pathway, freshly isolated primary esthesioneuroblastoma cells were completely resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. They could, however, be very efficiently sensitized by subtoxic doses of Bortezomib. The influence of Bortezomib on the TRAIL pathway was analyzed and showed upregulation of TRAIL death receptor expression, enhancement of the TRAIL death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), and downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins of the TRAIL pathway. Of clinical relevance, TRAIL-resistant primary tumor cells could be repeatedly sensitized by Bortezomib, providing the basis for repeated clinical application schedules. This is the first report on the highly synergistic induction of apoptosis in primary esthesioneuroblastoma cells by Bortezomib and TRAIL. This combination, therefore, represents a promising novel therapeutic option for esthesioneuroblastoma.

Authors: Ronald Koschny, Heidrun Holland, Jaromir Sykora, Hande Erdal, Wolfgang Krupp, Manfred Bauer, Ulrike Bockmuehl, Peter Ahnert, Jürgen Meixensberger, Wolfgang Stremmel, Henning Walczak, Tom M. Ganten

Date Published: 1st Apr 2010

Publication Type: Journal article

A functional polymorphism in the NAD(P)H oxidase subunit CYBA is related to gene expression, enzyme activity, and outcome in non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
GLA - German Lymphoma Alliance

Abstract (Expand)

NAD(P)H oxidase is a major endogenous source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS may not only be involved in carcinogenesis but also in efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents like doxorubicin. By a … comprehensive genotyping approach covering 48 genetic polymorphisms (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) in five subunits of phagocytic NAD(P)H oxidase, we asked whether they affect gene expression, enzymatic activity, and outcome of CHO(E)P chemotherapy. A highly consistent effect was observed for the CYBA 640A>G variant. In peripheral blood granulocytes of 125 healthy volunteers, the G allele of 640A>G was associated with lower NAD(P)H oxidase activity (P = 0.006). Moreover, the G allele was associated with lower mRNA and protein expression (both P = 0.02). Of clinical importance, the outcome of patients suffering from non-Hodgkin lymphoma and treated with CHO(E)P regimen was dependent on the CYBA 640A>G polymorphism. In an exploratory study (n = 401), carriers of 640GG had an event-free survival (EFS) risk ratio of 1.95 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.31-2.90; P = 0.001] compared with 640AA. In a confirmatory set (n = 477), the risk ratios were 1.53 (1.04-2.25, P = 0.03). The complete set of 878 patients showed a relative risk of 1.72 (1.30-2.26) and 1.59 (1.14-2.21) for EFS and overall survival, respectively. Further molecular-biological experiments showed lower expression and reduced stability of transcripts with the G allele in lymphoblastoid cell lines. Transfection of allele-specific plasmids into HEK293 cells elicited lower activity for the G allele in a luciferase reporter gene construct. Thus, CYBA 640A>G was shown to be a functional polymorphism with possible consequences for patients receiving CHO(E)P chemotherapy and might have further implications for other ROS-mediated modalities.

Authors: M. Hoffmann, M. A. Schirmer, M. V. Tzvetkov, M. Kreuz, M. Ziepert, L. Wojnowski, D. Kube, M. Pfreundschuh, L. Trumper, M. Loeffler, J. Brockmoller

Date Published: 15th Mar 2010

Publication Type: Not specified

Human Diseases: non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Practice of volume therapy in patients with severe sepsis: results from a nationwide sepsis prevalence study
SepNet - German Competence Network Sepsis

Abstract

Not specified

Authors: Christiane S. Hartog, Frank M. Brunkhorst, Frank Bloos, Holger Bogatsch, Christoph Engel, Kerstin Sengebusch, Konrad Reinhart, Maximilian Ragaller

Date Published: 1st Mar 2010

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: disease by infectious agent

ANRIL expression is associated with atherosclerosis risk at chromosome 9p21
Genetical Statistics and Systems Biology

Abstract (Expand)

OBJECTIVE\backslashr\backslashnWe tested the hypothesis that expression of transcripts adjacent to the chromosome 9p21 (Chr9p21) locus of coronary artery disease was affected by the genotype at this … locus and associated with atherosclerosis risk.\backslashr\backslashnMETHODS AND RESULTS\backslashr\backslashnWe replicated the locus for coronary artery disease (P=0.007; OR=1.28) and other manifestations of atherosclerosis such as carotid plaque (P=0.003; OR=1.31) in the Leipzig Heart Study, a cohort of 1134 patients with varying degree of angiographically assessed coronary artery disease. Expression analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (n=1098) revealed that transcripts EU741058 and NR_003529 of antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) were significantly increased in carriers of the risk haplotype (P=2.1x10(-12) and P=1.6x10(-5), respectively). In contrast, transcript DQ485454 remained unaffected, suggesting differential expression of ANRIL transcripts at Chr9p21. Results were replicated in whole blood (n=769) and atherosclerotic plaque tissue (n=41). Moreover, expression of ANRIL transcripts was directly correlated with severity of atherosclerosis (EU741058 and NR_003529; P=0.02 and P=0.001, respectively). No consistent association of Chr9p21 or atherosclerosis was found with expression of other genes such as CDKN2A, CDKN2B, C9orf53, and MTAP.\backslashr\backslashnCONCLUSIONS\backslashr\backslashnOur data provide robust evidence for an association of ANRIL but not CDKN2A, CDKN2B, C9orf53, and MTAP, with atherosclerosis and Chr9p21 genotype in a large cohort.

Authors: Lesca Miriam Holdt, Frank Beutner, Markus Scholz, Stephan Gielen, Gábor Gäbel, Hendrik Bergert, Gerhard Schuler, Joachim Thiery, Daniel Teupser

Date Published: 1st Mar 2010

Publication Type: Journal article

Transplantation of placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells upon experimental stroke in rats
Genetical Statistics and Systems Biology

Abstract (Expand)

The beneficial effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) administration following experimental stroke have already been described. Despite several promising characteristics, … placenta-derived MSC have not been used in models of focal ischemia. The aim of the current study is to investigate the impact of intravenously transplanted placenta-derived MSC on post-stroke recovery. Permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was induced in spontaneously hypertensive rats. MSC were obtained from the human maternal or fetal placenta and intravenously administered after 24 h (single transplantation) or after 8 h and 24 h (dual transplantation). Sensorimotor deficits were quantified for 60 days using the beam walk test and the modified Neurological Severity Score system. Infarct volume was determined in vivo by means of magnetic resonance imaging on days 1, 8, 29 and 60. Astroglial reactivity was semiquantitatively ascertained within a small and a broad region adjacent to the lesion border. The double infusion of placental MSC was superior to single transplantation in the functional tests. However, a significant difference to the control group in all outcome parameters was observed only for maternally derived MSC. These findings suggest that placental tissue constitutes a promising source for experimental stroke therapies. The beneficial effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) administration following experimental stroke have already been described. Despite several promising characteristics, placenta-derived MSC have not been used in models of focal ischemia. The aim of the current study is to investigate the impact of intravenously transplanted placenta-derived MSC on post-stroke recovery. Permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was induced in spontaneously hypertensive rats. MSC were obtained from the human maternal or fetal placenta and intravenously administered after 24 h (single transplantation) or after 8 h and 24 h (dual transplantation). Sensorimotor deficits were quantified for 60 days using the beam walk test and the modified Neurological Severity Score system. Infarct volume was determined in vivo by means of magnetic resonance imaging on days 1, 8, 29 and 60. Astroglial reactivity was semiquantitatively ascertained within a small and a broad region adjacent to the lesion border. The double infusion of placental MSC was superior to single transplantation in the functional tests. However, a significant difference to the control group in all outcome parameters was observed only for maternally derived MSC. These findings suggest that placental tissue constitutes a promising source for experimental stroke therapies.

Authors: Alexander Kranz, Daniel-Christoph Wagner, Manja Kamprad, Markus Scholz, Uwe Richard Schmidt, Franziska Nitzsche, Zami Aberman, Frank Emmrich, Ute-Maria Riegelsberger, Johannes Boltze

Date Published: 1st Feb 2010

Publication Type: Journal article

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