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A functional polymorphism in the NAD(P)H oxidase subunit CYBA is related to gene expression, enzyme activity, and outcome in non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
GLA - German Lymphoma Alliance

Abstract (Expand)

NAD(P)H oxidase is a major endogenous source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS may not only be involved in carcinogenesis but also in efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents like doxorubicin. By a … comprehensive genotyping approach covering 48 genetic polymorphisms (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) in five subunits of phagocytic NAD(P)H oxidase, we asked whether they affect gene expression, enzymatic activity, and outcome of CHO(E)P chemotherapy. A highly consistent effect was observed for the CYBA 640A>G variant. In peripheral blood granulocytes of 125 healthy volunteers, the G allele of 640A>G was associated with lower NAD(P)H oxidase activity (P = 0.006). Moreover, the G allele was associated with lower mRNA and protein expression (both P = 0.02). Of clinical importance, the outcome of patients suffering from non-Hodgkin lymphoma and treated with CHO(E)P regimen was dependent on the CYBA 640A>G polymorphism. In an exploratory study (n = 401), carriers of 640GG had an event-free survival (EFS) risk ratio of 1.95 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.31-2.90; P = 0.001] compared with 640AA. In a confirmatory set (n = 477), the risk ratios were 1.53 (1.04-2.25, P = 0.03). The complete set of 878 patients showed a relative risk of 1.72 (1.30-2.26) and 1.59 (1.14-2.21) for EFS and overall survival, respectively. Further molecular-biological experiments showed lower expression and reduced stability of transcripts with the G allele in lymphoblastoid cell lines. Transfection of allele-specific plasmids into HEK293 cells elicited lower activity for the G allele in a luciferase reporter gene construct. Thus, CYBA 640A>G was shown to be a functional polymorphism with possible consequences for patients receiving CHO(E)P chemotherapy and might have further implications for other ROS-mediated modalities.

Authors: M. Hoffmann, M. A. Schirmer, M. V. Tzvetkov, M. Kreuz, M. Ziepert, L. Wojnowski, D. Kube, M. Pfreundschuh, L. Trumper, M. Loeffler, J. Brockmoller

Date Published: 15th Mar 2010

Publication Type: Not specified

Human Diseases: non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Practice of volume therapy in patients with severe sepsis: results from a nationwide sepsis prevalence study
SepNet - German Competence Network Sepsis

Abstract

Not specified

Authors: Christiane S. Hartog, Frank M. Brunkhorst, Frank Bloos, Holger Bogatsch, Christoph Engel, Kerstin Sengebusch, Konrad Reinhart, Maximilian Ragaller

Date Published: 1st Mar 2010

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: disease by infectious agent

ANRIL expression is associated with atherosclerosis risk at chromosome 9p21
Genetical Statistics and Systems Biology

Abstract (Expand)

OBJECTIVE\backslashr\backslashnWe tested the hypothesis that expression of transcripts adjacent to the chromosome 9p21 (Chr9p21) locus of coronary artery disease was affected by the genotype at this … locus and associated with atherosclerosis risk.\backslashr\backslashnMETHODS AND RESULTS\backslashr\backslashnWe replicated the locus for coronary artery disease (P=0.007; OR=1.28) and other manifestations of atherosclerosis such as carotid plaque (P=0.003; OR=1.31) in the Leipzig Heart Study, a cohort of 1134 patients with varying degree of angiographically assessed coronary artery disease. Expression analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (n=1098) revealed that transcripts EU741058 and NR_003529 of antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) were significantly increased in carriers of the risk haplotype (P=2.1x10(-12) and P=1.6x10(-5), respectively). In contrast, transcript DQ485454 remained unaffected, suggesting differential expression of ANRIL transcripts at Chr9p21. Results were replicated in whole blood (n=769) and atherosclerotic plaque tissue (n=41). Moreover, expression of ANRIL transcripts was directly correlated with severity of atherosclerosis (EU741058 and NR_003529; P=0.02 and P=0.001, respectively). No consistent association of Chr9p21 or atherosclerosis was found with expression of other genes such as CDKN2A, CDKN2B, C9orf53, and MTAP.\backslashr\backslashnCONCLUSIONS\backslashr\backslashnOur data provide robust evidence for an association of ANRIL but not CDKN2A, CDKN2B, C9orf53, and MTAP, with atherosclerosis and Chr9p21 genotype in a large cohort.

Authors: Lesca Miriam Holdt, Frank Beutner, Markus Scholz, Stephan Gielen, Gábor Gäbel, Hendrik Bergert, Gerhard Schuler, Joachim Thiery, Daniel Teupser

Date Published: 1st Mar 2010

Publication Type: Journal article

Transplantation of placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells upon experimental stroke in rats
Genetical Statistics and Systems Biology

Abstract (Expand)

The beneficial effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) administration following experimental stroke have already been described. Despite several promising characteristics, … placenta-derived MSC have not been used in models of focal ischemia. The aim of the current study is to investigate the impact of intravenously transplanted placenta-derived MSC on post-stroke recovery. Permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was induced in spontaneously hypertensive rats. MSC were obtained from the human maternal or fetal placenta and intravenously administered after 24 h (single transplantation) or after 8 h and 24 h (dual transplantation). Sensorimotor deficits were quantified for 60 days using the beam walk test and the modified Neurological Severity Score system. Infarct volume was determined in vivo by means of magnetic resonance imaging on days 1, 8, 29 and 60. Astroglial reactivity was semiquantitatively ascertained within a small and a broad region adjacent to the lesion border. The double infusion of placental MSC was superior to single transplantation in the functional tests. However, a significant difference to the control group in all outcome parameters was observed only for maternally derived MSC. These findings suggest that placental tissue constitutes a promising source for experimental stroke therapies. The beneficial effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) administration following experimental stroke have already been described. Despite several promising characteristics, placenta-derived MSC have not been used in models of focal ischemia. The aim of the current study is to investigate the impact of intravenously transplanted placenta-derived MSC on post-stroke recovery. Permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was induced in spontaneously hypertensive rats. MSC were obtained from the human maternal or fetal placenta and intravenously administered after 24 h (single transplantation) or after 8 h and 24 h (dual transplantation). Sensorimotor deficits were quantified for 60 days using the beam walk test and the modified Neurological Severity Score system. Infarct volume was determined in vivo by means of magnetic resonance imaging on days 1, 8, 29 and 60. Astroglial reactivity was semiquantitatively ascertained within a small and a broad region adjacent to the lesion border. The double infusion of placental MSC was superior to single transplantation in the functional tests. However, a significant difference to the control group in all outcome parameters was observed only for maternally derived MSC. These findings suggest that placental tissue constitutes a promising source for experimental stroke therapies.

Authors: Alexander Kranz, Daniel-Christoph Wagner, Manja Kamprad, Markus Scholz, Uwe Richard Schmidt, Franziska Nitzsche, Zami Aberman, Frank Emmrich, Ute-Maria Riegelsberger, Johannes Boltze

Date Published: 1st Feb 2010

Publication Type: Journal article

Identification of a DMBT1 polymorphism associated with increased breast cancer risk and decreased promoter activity
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Abstract (Expand)

According to present estimations, the unfavorable combination of alleles with low penetrance but high prevalence in the population might account for the major part of hereditary breast cancer risk. … Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumors 1 (DMBT1) has been proposed as a tumor suppressor for breast cancer and other cancer types. Genomewide mapping in mice further identified Dmbt1 as a potential modulator of breast cancer risk. Here, we report the association of two frequent and linked single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with increased breast cancer risk in women above the age of 60 years: DMBT1 c.-93C\textgreaterT, rs2981745, located in the DMBT1 promoter; and DMBT1 c.124A\textgreaterC, p.Thr42Pro, rs11523871(odds ratio [OR]=1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.21-2.29, P=0.0017; and OR=1.66; 95% CI=1.21-2.28, P=0.0016, respectively), based on 1,195 BRCA1/2 mutation-negative German breast cancer families and 1,466 unrelated German controls. Promoter studies in breast cancer cells demonstrate that the risk-increasing DMBT1 -93T allele displays significantly decreased promoter activity compared to the DMBT1 -93C allele, resulting in a loss of promoter activity. The data suggest that DMBT1 polymorphisms in the 5’-region are associated with increased breast cancer risk. In accordance with previous results, these data link decreased DMBT1 levels to breast cancer risk.

Authors: Sandrine Tchatchou, Angela Riedel, Stefan Lyer, Julia Schmutzhard, Olga Strobel-Freidekind, Sabine Gronert-Sum, Carola Mietag, Mauro D’Amato, Bettina Schlehe, Kari Hemminki, Christian Sutter, Nina Ditsch, Anneke Blackburn, Linda Zhai Hill, D. Joseph Jerry, Peter Bugert, Bernhard H. F. Weber, Dieter Niederacher, Norbert Arnold, Raymonda Varon-Mateeva, Barbara Wappenschmidt, Rita K. Schmutzler, Christoph Engel, Alfons Meindl, Claus R. Bartram, Jan Mollenhauer, Barbara Burwinkel

Date Published: 2010

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome

Low-risk variants FGFR2, TNRC9 and LSP1 in German familial breast cancer patients
GC-HBOC - German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Abstract (Expand)

To validate common low-risk variants predisposing for breast cancer (BC) in a large set of BRCA1/2 negative familial or genetically enriched cases from Germany, we genotyped 1,415 cases and 1,830 healthy … women by MALDI-TOF in 105 candidate SNPs. Significantly higher ORs than previously reported for heterozygous unselected cases were found for the minor allele in FGFR2 (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.30-1.59, p-value = 1.24 x 10(-12)) and for TNRC9 (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.19-1.46, p-value = 1.54 x 10(-7)). Most intriguing, however, were the ORs for homozygous carriers from high-risk families for FGFR2 (OR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.68-2.51, LSP1 (OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.28-0.86) and TNRC9 (OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.27-2.07). Moreover, the additional validation of 99 CGEMS-SNPs identified putative novel susceptibility alleles within the LSP1 gene (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.61-0.87, p-value = 5.23 x 10(-4)). Finally, we provide evidence for the first time that a low-risk variant located at 6q22.33 (rs6569479) is associated with estrogen receptor negative BC in familial cases (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.06-1.66; p-value = 0.012). Our data confirm the impact of the previously identified susceptibility loci and provide preliminary evidence for novel susceptibility loci in familial BC cases and correlate them to specific histopathological subtypes defined by estrogen receptor status.

Authors: Kari Hemminki, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Peter Lichtner, Christoph Engel, Bowang Chen, Barbara Burwinkel, Asta Försti, Christian Sutter, Barbara Wappenschmidt, Heide Hellebrand, Thomas Illig, Norbert Arnold, Dieter Niederacher, Bernd Dworniczak, Helmut Deissler, Karin Kast, Dorothea Gadzicki, Thomas Meitinger, H-Erich Wichmann, Marion Kiechle, Claus R. Bartram, Rita K. Schmutzler, Alfons Meindl

Date Published: 2010

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome

Comparison of estimators for measures of linkage disequilibrium
Genetical Statistics and Systems Biology

Abstract (Expand)

The measurement of biallelic pair-wise association called linkage disequilibrium (LD) is an important issue in order to understand the genomic architecture. A plethora of measures of association in two … by two tables have been proposed in the literature. Beside the problem of choosing an appropriate measure, the problem of their estimation has been neglected in the literature. It needs to be emphasized that the definition of a measure and the choice of an estimator function for it are conceptually unrelated tasks. In this paper, we compare the performance of various estimators for the three popular LD measures D’, r and Y in a simulation study for small to moderate samples sizes (N\textless=500). The usual frequency-plug-in estimators can lead to unreliable or undefined estimates. Estimators based on the computationally expensive volume measures have been proposed recently as a remedy to this well-known problem. We confirm that volume estimators have better expected mean square error than the naive plug-in estimators. But they are outperformed by estimators plugging-in easy to calculate non-informative Bayesian probability estimates into the theoretical formulae for the measures. Fully Bayesian estimators with non-informative Dirichlet priors have comparable accuracy but are computationally more expensive. We recommend the use of non-informative Bayesian plug-in estimators based on Jeffreys’ prior, in particular when dealing with SNP array data where the occurrence of small table entries and table margins is likely.

Authors: Markus Scholz, Dirk Hasenclever

Date Published: 2010

Publication Type: Journal article

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