Publications

958 Publications visible to you, out of a total of 958

Abstract

Not specified

Authors: G. Herrmann, M. Friedrich, Alfred Winter

Date Published: 13

Publication Type: Misc

Abstract (Expand)

OBJECTIVE: Research consistently shows a negative view of individuals with obesity in the general public and in various other settings. Stigma and discrimination can be considered chronic stressors, as these factors have a profound impact on the psychological well-being of the affected individuals. This article proposes a framework that entails a mediation of the adverse effects of discrimination and stigmatization on mental well-being through elevated psychological risk factors that are not unique to weight but that could affect overweight and normal-weight individuals alike. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to assess the prevalence of psychological risk factors, such as self-esteem and coping, in individuals with obesity. RESULTS: Forty-six articles were assessed and included for detailed analysis. The number of studies on these topics is limited to certain dimensions of psychological processes. The best evaluated association of obesity and psychosocial aspects is seen for self-esteem. Most studies establish a negative association of weight and self-esteem in children and adults. All studies with mediation analysis find a positive mediation through psychological risk factors on mental health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This review shows that elevated psychological risk factors are existent in individuals with obesity and that they may be a mediator between weight discrimination and pathopsychological outcomes.

Authors: C. Sikorski, M. Luppa, T. Luck, S. G. Riedel-Heller

Date Published: 29th Jan 2015

Publication Type: Not specified

Abstract

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Authors: Jimmy Huang, Yi Chang, Xueqi Cheng, Jaap Kamps, Vanessa Murdock, Ji-Rong Wen, Yiqun Liu, Erik Faessler, Michel Oleynik, Udo Hahn

Date Published: 25th Jul 2020

Publication Type: InProceedings

Abstract

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Authors: Welborn Amoako Marful, Alfred Winter

Date Published: 2014

Publication Type: Journal article

Abstract (Expand)

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have demonstrated that an overall high level of mental work demands decreased dementia risk. In our study, we investigated whether this effect is driven by specific mental work demands and whether it is exposure dependent. METHODS: Patients aged 75+ years were recruited from general practitioners and participated in up to seven assessment waves (every 1.5 years) of the longitudinal AgeCoDe study. Analyses of the impact of specific mental work demands on dementia risk were carried out via multivariate regression modeling (n = 2315). RESULTS: We observed a significantly lower dementia risk in individuals with a higher level of "information processing" (HR, 0.888), "pattern detection" (HR, 0.878), "mathematics" (HR, 0.878), and "creativity" (HR, 0.878). Yet, exposure-dependent effects were only significant for "information processing" and "pattern detection." DISCUSSION: Our longitudinal observations suggest that dementia risk may be reduced by some but not all types of mental work demands.

Authors: F. S. Then, T. Luck, K. Heser, A. Ernst, T. Posselt, B. Wiese, S. Mamone, C. Brettschneider, H. H. Konig, S. Weyerer, J. Werle, E. Mosch, H. Bickel, A. Fuchs, M. Pentzek, W. Maier, M. Scherer, M. Wagner, S. G. Riedel-Heller

Date Published: 30th Oct 2016

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: dementia

Abstract (Expand)

Age-related white matter hyperintensities (WMH) are a manifestation of white matter damage seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They are related to vascular risk factors and cognitive impairment. This study investigated the cognitive profile at different stages of WMH in a large community-dwelling sample; 849 subjects aged 21 to 79 years were classified on the 4-stage Fazekas scale according to hyperintense lesions seen on individual T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI scans. The evaluation of cognitive functioning included seven domains of cognitive performance and five domains of subjective impairment, as proposed by the DSM-5. For the first time, the impact of age-related WMH on Theory of Mind was investigated. Differences between Fazekas groups were analyzed non-parametrically and effect sizes were computed. Effect sizes revealed a slight overall cognitive decline in Fazekas groups 1 and 2 relative to healthy subjects. Fazekas group 3 presented substantial decline in social cognition, attention and memory, although characterized by a high inter-individual variability. WMH groups reported subjective cognitive decline. We demonstrate that extensive WMH are associated with specific impairment in attention, memory, social cognition, and subjective cognitive performance. The detailed neuropsychological characterization of WMH offers new therapeutic possibilities for those affected by vascular cognitive decline.

Authors: J. Kynast, L. Lampe, T. Luck, S. Frisch, K. Arelin, K. T. Hoffmann, M. Loeffler, S. G. Riedel-Heller, A. Villringer, M. L. Schroeter

Date Published: 8th Jul 2017

Publication Type: Journal article

Human Diseases: COL4A1-related familial vascular leukoencephalopathy

Abstract (Expand)

To detect novel genetic alterations, many astrocytomas have been investigated by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). To identify aberration profiles characteristic of World Health Organization (WHO) grade I, II, III, and IV astrocytoma, we performed a meta-analysis of detailed genome wide CGH data of all 467 cases published so far. After expansion of all given aberrations to the maximum of 850 GTG-band resolution, the frequencies of genetic imbalances were calculated for each chromosomal band, separately for all four WHO grades. Low-grade astrocytoma has already demonstrated one characteristic of glioblastoma multiforme, gain of chromosome 7 with a hot spot at 7q32, but without loss of chromosome 10. In anaplastic astrocytoma, a more complex aberration pattern emerges from diffuse genetic imbalances. Gains of 7q32-q36 and 7p12 become the most frequent aberrations at chromosome 7. In glioblastoma multiforme, coarse aberrations like +7, -9p, -10, and -13 represent the most frequent aberrations as a characteristic pattern. In contrast to lower tumor grades, glioblastoma multiforme demonstrates +7p12 as the most frequently affected band on chromosome 7. To quantify the gradual transition from WHO grade II-IV astrocytoma, we calculated the relative increase and decrease in frequency for each detected aberration of the tumor genome. The most pronounced and diverse changes of genetic material occur at the virtual transition from low-grade to anaplastic astrocytoma. Further transition to glioblastoma multiforme is characterized by gain of 1p, chromosome 7, and loss of chromosome 10. Summing up, the expansion of the CGH results to the 850 GTG-band resolution enabled a meta-analysis to visualize WHO grade-specific aberration profiles in astrocytoma.

Authors: Heidrun Holland, Thomas Koschny, Peter Ahnert, Jürgen Meixensberger, Ronald Koschny

Date Published: 1st Oct 2010

Publication Type: Journal article

Abstract

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Authors: W. Hasselbring, H. Niemann, T. Wendt, Alfred Winter, M. Meierhofer

Date Published: 2002

Publication Type: InCollection

Abstract (Expand)

Business informatics and medical informatics adopt and adapt methods and knowledge from computer science and further develop appropriate methods for the particular needs in their application domains. A panel discussion at the 2018 conference of the German Society for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (GMDS) analyzed the relationship between business informatics, medical informatics and computer science. Five questions guided the discussion: What are the basic goals of these disciplines? To what extent does practical application of results shape the disciplines? Do medicine and economy demand for particular methods in in - for - mat - ics and computer science? How important is foundation by theory and evidence? Can the disciplines learn from each other? The analysis made clear that business informatics, medical informatics and computer science would gain profit from a more systematic mutual exchange. The \grqqLearning Healthcare System” could provide a useful framework. Wirtschaftsinformatik und Medizinische Informatik gehören zu den sogenannten Bindestrich-Informatik-Fächern, die sich mit der Anwendung der Methoden und Erkenntnisse der Informatik, aber auch mit der Weiterentwicklung solcher Methoden und Erkenntnisse für gewisse Anwendungsgebiete befassen. Auf einer Podiumsdiskussion der Jahrestagung 2018 der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (GMDS) wurde für Wirtschaftsinformatik, Medizinische Informatik und Informatik analysiert wie sie zueinander stehen. Die Analyse erfolgte anhand von fünf Fragen: Welche grundlegenden Ziele bestimmen die jeweilige wissenschaftliche Arbeit? Wie ist der Praxisbezug ausgeprägt? Inwieweit sind Besonderheiten von Medizin bzw. Ökonomie prägend für die jeweilige wissenschaftliche Arbeit? Welche Rolle spielen Theoriefundierung und Evidenz? Was können Wirtschaftsinformatik und Informatik von Medizinischer Informatik und Medizin lernen – und umgekehrt? Die Analyse zeigt, dass die drei Disziplinen von einem systematischen wechselseitigen Austausch profitieren können. Das \glqqLernende Gesundheitssystem\grqq bietet Ansätze für einen entsprechenden Rahmen.

Authors: Alfred Winter, Reinhold Haux, Barbara Paech, Frank Teuteberg, Ursula Hübner

Date Published: 2019

Publication Type: Journal article

Abstract (Expand)

Developmental dyslexia, a severe impairment of literacy acquisition, is known to have a neurological basis and a strong genetic background. However, effects of individual genetic variations on dyslexia-associated deficits are only moderate and call for the assessment of the genotype’s impact on mediating neuro-endophenotypes by the imaging genetics approach. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in German participants with and without dyslexia, we investigated gray matter changes and their association with impaired phonological processing, such as reduced verbal working memory. These endophenotypical alterations were, together with dyslexia-associated genetic variations, examined on their suitability as potential predictors of dyslexia. We identified two gray matter clusters in the left posterior temporal cortex related to verbal working memory capacity. Regional cluster differences correlated with genetic risk variants in TNFRSF1B. High-genetic-risk participants exhibit a structural predominance of auditory-association areas relative to auditory-sensory areas, which may partly compensate for deficient early auditory-sensory processing stages of verbal working memory. The reverse regional predominance observed in low-genetic-risk participants may in turn reflect reliance on these early auditory-sensory processing stages. Logistic regression analysis further supported that regional gray matter differences and genetic risk interact in the prediction of individuals’ diagnostic status: With increasing genetic risk, the working-memory related structural predominance of auditory-association areas relative to auditory-sensory areas classifies participants with dyslexia versus control participants. Focusing on phonological deficits in dyslexia, our findings suggest endophenotypical changes in the left posterior temporal cortex could comprise novel pathomechanisms for verbal working memory-related processes translating TNFRSF1B genotype into the dyslexia phenotype. Developmental dyslexia, a severe impairment of literacy acquisition, is known to have a neurological basis and a strong genetic background. However, effects of individual genetic variations on dyslexia-associated deficits are only moderate and call for the assessment of the genotype’s impact on mediating neuro-endophenotypes by the imaging genetics approach. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in German participants with and without dyslexia, we investigated gray matter changes and their association with impaired phonological processing, such as reduced verbal working memory. These endophenotypical alterations were, together with dyslexia-associated genetic variations, examined on their suitability as potential predictors of dyslexia. We identified two gray matter clusters in the left posterior temporal cortex related to verbal working memory capacity. Regional cluster differences correlated with genetic risk variants in TNFRSF1B. High-genetic-risk participants exhibit a structural predominance of auditory-association areas relative to auditory-sensory areas, which may partly compensate for deficient early auditory-sensory processing stages of verbal working memory. The reverse regional predominance observed in low-genetic-risk participants may in turn reflect reliance on these early auditory-sensory processing stages. Logistic regression analysis further supported that regional gray matter differences and genetic risk interact in the prediction of individuals’ diagnostic status: With increasing genetic risk, the working-memory related structural predominance of auditory-association areas relative to auditory-sensory areas classifies participants with dyslexia versus control participants. Focusing on phonological deficits in dyslexia, our findings suggest endophenotypical changes in the left posterior temporal cortex could comprise novel pathomechanisms for verbal working memory-related processes translating TNFRSF1B genotype into the dyslexia phenotype.

Authors: Claudia Männel, Lars Meyer, Arndt Wilcke, Johannes Boltze, Holger Kirsten, Angela D. Friederici

Date Published: 1st Oct 2015

Publication Type: Journal article

Abstract

Not specified

Author: Alfred Winter

Date Published: 1998

Publication Type: Journal article

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